Arab citizens of Israel, representing approximately one fifth of the population, are preparing for a closely- contested general election in which their political parties could play an important parliamentary role. Opinion polls suggest that neither Benjamin Netanyahu’s governing alliance nor the main opposition bloc will secure sufficient support for a majority. Arab voters face concerns about discrimination, restrictions on expression and escalating violence within their communities. Last year, 252 murders were recorded among Arab Israelis, prompting criticism of police effectiveness. Arab political parties differ over whether to participate directly in government or influence policy from opposition. Meanwhile, the supreme court has overturned attempts to disqualify two Arab electoral lists. The election follows years of heightened tensions since the October 2023 Hamas attacks and subsequent Gaza war. Political disagreements over cooperation with Arab parties continue to complicate coalition discussions and relations between communities.