The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has warned that there is an 80% chance of El Niño conditions developing between June and August, rising to more than 90% by November. El Niño is a natural climate pattern caused by unusually warm waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean, influencing weather systems worldwide. Experts expect it to increase the likelihood of extreme events, including droughts, heavy rainfall and heatwaves on land and at sea. Although climate change does not appear to increase the frequency of El Niño, scientists say a warmer atmosphere and ocean can intensify its impact. Forecasts suggest above-normal temperatures across much of the world, with concerns about reduced rainfall in parts of Africa, Asia and Central America. The WMO hopes advance warning will guide preparedness, especially in climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, water management, energy and health. Early-warning systems are being strengthened to help vulnerable populations respond more effectively to changing conditions.